日本学士院

会員情報

 

氏名

黒岩常祥 (くろいわ つねよし)

 

所属部・分科

第2部第4分科

選定年月日

平成22年12月13日

専攻学科目

生物科学

現職等

受賞等

〔国内〕

〔海外〕

外国アカデミー会員等

主要な学術上の業績

黒岩常祥氏は、生命活動に必須な細胞内のエネルギー変換器であるミトコンドリア、葉緑体が“細胞内の小細胞”のように、独自の核(核様体、DNAとタンパク質複合体)を持ち、核分裂を伴いながら多重リングの分裂装置を使って分裂/増殖することを解明し、その後重篤な病気を引き起こすペルオキシソームでも類似の分裂装置を発見しました。さらに、それらの構成成分を明らかにするなど、謎に包まれていた細胞小器官の分裂/増殖の基本機構を解明しました。これらの装置の発見はわれわれの細胞、「真核細胞」の誕生機構の解明に迫るものです。この研究を推進するため、原始紅藻シゾン(Cyanidioschyzon merolae)を実験材料として開発し、真核生物では初めて100%ゲノム解読に成功しました。また、ミトコンドリアと葉緑体の遺伝様式を特徴づける「母性遺伝」の研究にも取り組み、雄由来のDNAが独自の分解酵素により選択的に分解されることを見出し、なぜ、母方の遺伝子だけが子に伝えられるのか、その分子機構を解明しました。これらは、日本が世界に誇ることのできる独創的な研究成果です。

主要な著書・論文

主要著書等:

  1. E.J.DuPraw著 田中信徳、黒岩常祥、渡部真 訳 “DNAと染色体” 丸善 (1973).
  2. 黒岩常祥 “細胞はどのように生まれたか” 岩波書店 (1999).
  3. 黒岩常祥 “ミトコンドリアはどこからきたか―生命40億年を遡る” NHKブックス (2000).
  4. 黒岩常祥 “細胞、原始から未来への鍵” 人間と文化80, 7-50 三愛新書(2014).
  5. Kuroiwa, T., Miyagishima, S., Matsunaga, S., Sato, N., Nozaki, H., Tanaka, K., Misumi, O., Editors: “Cyanidioschyzon merolae: A New Model Eukaryote for Cell and Organelle Biology” Springer (2017).

(他154点)

主要原著論文等:

  1. Kuroiwa, T. and Tanaka, N. (1970) “DNA replication pattern in somatic chromosomes of Crepis capillaris.” Cytologia 35: 271-279 .
  2. Kuroiwa, T. and Tanaka, N. (1971) “Fine structures of interphase nuclei IV. The behavior of late replicating chromatin during a late portion of the S period as revealed by electron microscope radioautography.” J. Cell Biol. 49: 939-942.
  3. Kuroiwa, T. (1974) “Studies on mitochondrial structure and function in Physarum polycephalum III. Electron microscopy of a large amount of DNA released from a central body in mitochondria by trypsin digestion.” J. Cell Biol. 63: 299-306.
  4. Kuroiwa, T., Kawano, S. and Hizume, M. (1977) “Studies on mitochondrial structure and function in Physarum polycephalum. V. Behavior of mitochondrial nucleoids throughout mitochondrial division cycle.” J. Cell Biol. 72: 687-694.
  5. Kuroiwa, T., Kawano, S., Nishibayashi, S. and Sato, C. (1982) “Epifluorescent microscopic evidence for maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA.” nature 298: 481-483 and Cover, and News and views of the journal.
  6. Miyakawa, I., Sando, N. and Kuroiwa, T. (1991) “The mitochondria in yeast cell at early stage of sexual division are seen as a few huge threads of fused reticulum surrounding the cell nucleus.” nature 349:. Cover, CONTENTS v of the journal.
  7. Kawano, S., Takano, H., Mori, K. and Kuroiwa, T. (1991)“A mitochondrial plasmid that promotes mitochondrial fusion in Physarum polycephalum.” Protoplasma 160: 167-169 and News and view in nature 354 (6349)
  8. Sato, N., Alfrieux, C., Joyard, J., Dource, R. and Kuroiwa, T. (1993) “Detection and characterization of a plastid envelope DNA-binding protein which may anchor plastid nucleoids.” EMBO J. 12: 555-561.
  9. Tanaka, K., Oikawa, K., Ohta, N., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Takahashi, H. (1996) “Chloroplast RNA polymerase sigma subunit encoded by nuclear genome in a red alga.” Science 272: 1841-1844.
  10. Nishimura, Y., Misumi, O., Matsunaga, S., Higashiyama, T., Yokota, A. and Kuroiwa, T. (1999)“The active digestion of uniparental chloroplast DNA in a single zygote of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is revealed by using the optical tweezer.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 12577-12582.
  11. Higashiyama, T., Yabe, S., Sasaki, N., Nishimura, Y., Miyagishima, S., Kuroiwa, H. and Kuroiwa, T. (2001) “Pollen tube attraction by the synergid cell.” Science 293: 1480-1483 and Cover and Perspective of the journal.
  12. Nishida, K., Takahara M., Miyagishima S., Kuroiwa H., Matsuzaki, M. and Kuroiwa, T. (2003) “Dynamic recruitment of dynamin for final mitochondrial severance in a primitive red alga.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 2146-2151.
  13. Miyaghishima, S., Nishida, K., Mori, T., Matsuzaki, M., Higashiyama, T., Kuroiwa, H. and Kuroiwa, T. (2003) “A plant-specific dynamin-related protein forms a ring at the chloroplast division site.” Plant Cell 15: 655-665 and News and views in brief of nature 422 (20).
  14. Matsuzaki, M., Misumi, O., Shin-i, T., Maruyama, S., Takahara, M., Miyagishima, S., Mori, T., Nishida, K., Yagisawa, F., Nishida, K., Yoshida, Y., Nishimura,Y., et al. (2004) “Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D.”nature 428: 653-657 and Cover lines of the journal and Backwards in Science 318.
  15. Mori, T., Kuroiwa, H., Higashiyama, T. and Kuroiwa, T. (2006) “GENERATIVE CELL SPECIFIC 1 is essential for angiosperm fertilization.” nature cell biology 8:64-71 and Cover, highlights and views of the journal.
  16. Nishimura, Y., Yoshinari, T., Naruse, K., Yamada, T., Sumi, K., Mitani, H., Higashiyama, T. and Kuroiwa, T. (2006) “Active digestion of sperm mitochondrial DNA in single living sperm revealed by optical tweezers.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 1382-1387. Research highlight in nature, nature struc. mol. biol. 13(2) (2006) and ScienceShot of Science.
  17. Yoshida, Y., Kuroiwa, H., Misumi, O., Nishida, K., Yagisawa, F., Fujiwara, T., Nanamiya, H., Kawamura, F. and Kuroiwa, T. (2006) “Isolated chloroplast division machinery can actively constrict after stretching.” Science 313: 1435-1438 and Highlights of the journal.
  18. Nishida, K., Yagisawa, F., Kuroiwa, H., Yoshida, Y. and Kuroiwa, T. (2007)“WD40 protein Mda 1 is purified with Dnm1 and forms a dividing ring for mitochondria before Dnm1 in Cyanidioschyzon merolae.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 4736-4741. Perspective in Science 318 (20) .
  19. Kobayashi, Y., Kanesaki, Y., Tanaka, A., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Tanaka, K. (2009) “Tetrapyrole signal as a cell-cycle coordinator from organelle to nuclear DNA replication in plant cells.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 803-807.
  20. Okuda, S., Tsutsui, H., Shiina, K., Sprunck, S., Takeuchi, H., Yui, R., Kasahara, R. D., Hamamura, Y., Mizukami, A., Susaki, D., Kawano, N., et al. (2009) “Defensin-like peptides LUREs are pollen tube attractants secreted from the synergid cell.” nature 458: 251-376 and Cover of the journal.
  21. Imamura, S., Kanesaki, Y., Fujiwara, T., Kuroiwa, T. and Tanaka, K. “R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, CmMYB1, is a central nitrogen assimilation regulator in Cyanidioschyzon merolae.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 12548-12553.
  22. Kuroiwa T. “Mechanisms of organelle division and inheritance and their implication regarding the origin of eukaryotic cells.” Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B 86: 455-471 (2010) and Cover of the journal.
  23. Kuroiwa, T. (2010) “Review of cytological studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of uniparental (maternal or paternal) inheritance of plastid and mitochondrial genomes induced by active digestion of organelle nuclei (nucleoids).” J. Plant Res. 123: 207-230 and Cover of the journal.
  24. Yoshida, Y., Kuroiwa, H., Misumi, O., Yoshida, M., Ohnuma, M., Fujiwara, T., Yagisawa, F., Hirooka, S., Imoto, Y., Matsushita, K., Kawano, S. and Kuroiwa, T. (2010) “Chloroplasts divide by contraction of a bundle of nanofilaments consisting of polyglucan.” Science 329: 949-953 and Cover of the journal.
  25. Imoto Y., Yoshida Y., Yagisawa, F., Kuroiwa H., and Kuroiwa T. (2011) “The cell cycle, including the mitotic cycle and organelle division cycle, as revealed by cytological observations.” J. Electron Microscopy 60: S117-S136.
  26. Imoto,Y., Kuroiwa, H., Yoshida, Y., Ohnuma, M., Fujiwara, T., Yoshida, M., Nishida, K., Yagisawa, F., Hirooka, S., Miyagishima, S., Misumi, O., Kawano, S. and Kuroiwa, T. (2013) “Single-membrane-bounded peroxisome division revealed by isolation of dynamin-based machinery.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110: 9583-9588.
  27. Kobayashi, Y., Misumi, O., Odahara, M., Hirono, M., Hidaka, K., Endo, M., Sugiyama, H., Iwasaki, H., Kuroiwa, T., Shikanai, T. and Nishimura, Y. (2017) “Holliday junction resolvases mediate chloroplast nucleoid segregation.” Science 356: 631-634.
  28. Imoto, Y., Abe, Y., Okumoto, K., Honsho, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Fujiki, Y. (2017) “Defining the dynamin-based ring organizing center on the peroxisome-dividing machinery isolated from Cyanidioschyzon merolae.” J. Cell Sci. 130: 853-867.
  29. Yoshida, Y., Kuroiwa, H., Shimada, T., Yoshida, M., Ohnuma, M., Fujiwara, T., Imoto, Y., Yagisawa, F., Nishida, K., Hirooka, S., Misumi, O., Mogi, Y., Akakabe, Y., Matsushita, K. and Kuroiwa, T. (2017) “The glycosyltransferase MDR1 assembles a dividing ring for mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114: 13284-13289.
  30. Imoto, Y., Abe, Y., Honsho, M., Okumoto, K., Ohnuma, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Fujiki, Y. (2018) “Fueling GTP by DYNAMO1 drives constriction of mitochondrial and peroxisomal dividing ring” nature Comm. 9, 4634.
  31. Imoto, Y., Abe, Y., Okumoto, K., Ohnuma, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Fujiki, Y. (2019) “Dynamics of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase protein DYNAMO2 correlates with the changes in the global GTP level during the cell cycle of Cyanidioschyzon merolae” Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B95: 75-85.
  32. Kato, S., Okamura, E., Matsunaga, T. M., Nakayama, M., Kawanishi, Y., Ichinose, T., Iwane, A. H., Sakamoto, T., Imoto, Y., Ohnuma, M., Nomura, Y., Nakagami, H., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Matsunaga, S. (2019) “Cyanidioschyzon merolae aurora kinase phosphorylates evolutionarily conserved sites on its target to regulate mitochondrial division” Commun. Biol. 2: 477 1-9.
  33. Yagisawa, F., Fujiwara, T., Takemura, T., Kobayashi, Y., Sumiya, N., Miyagishima, S., Nakamura, N., Imoto, Y., Misumi, O., Tanaka, K., Kuroiwa, H. and Kuroiwa, T. (2020)  “ESCRT machinery mediates cytokinetic abscission in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae”. Frontiers Cell and Develop. Biol. 8:article169.
  34. Kuroiwa, T., Ohnuma, M., Imoto, Y., Yagisawa, Y., Misumi, O., Nagata, N. and Kuroiwa, H. (2020) “Evolutionary  significance of the ring-like plastid nucleus in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae as revealed by drying”. Protoplasma  257:1069-1078.
  35. Hirooka, S., Tomita, R., Fujiwara, T., Ohnuma, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa. T. and Miyagishima, S. (2020) “Efficient open cultivation of cyanidialean red algae in acidified seawater”. Sci. Rep. natureresearch 10:13794.
  36. Kato, S., Misumi, O., Maruyama, S., Nozaki, H., Tsujimoto-Inui, Y., Takusagawa, M., Suzuki, S., Kuwata, K., Noda, S., Ito, N,, Okabe, Y., Sakamoto, T., Yagisawa, F., Matsunaga, T. M., Matsubayashi, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Kawachi, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T., and Matsunaga, S. (2023) “Genomic analysis of an ultrasmall freshwater green alga, Medakamo hakoo” Commun. Biol. 6:1 1-9.
  37. Takusagawa, M., Misumi, O., Nozaki, H., Kato, S., Maruyama, S., Tsujimoto-Inui, Y., Yagisawa, F., Ohnuma, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Matsunaga, S. (2023) “Complete mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences of the freshwater green microalga, Medakamo hakoo” Genes Genet. Syst. 98: 353-360.

(他439点)

リンク

https://mcm-www.jwu.ac.jp/~n-nagata/instructor1.html